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‘Beijing’ is the capital of the People's Republic of China. This municipality borders the Hebei Province in the north, west, south, and for a small section in the east and Tianjin Municipality to the southeast.

It is the second largest city of China after Shanghai. This city is a major transportation hub with railways, roads and motorways passing through it. This city has emerged as a political, educational and cultural center of China. It has hosted the 2008 Olympic Games recently. Beijing is famous for its opulent palaces, temples, huge stone walls and gates. Its art treasures and universities have made it a centre of culture and art in China. This city has been renamed several times. It was Zhongdu during the Jin Dynasty and Dadu in Chinese under the Mongol Yuan Dynasty. It was Khanbaliq in Mongolian by Marco Polo. Its name was changed from Beijing to Beiping twice.

Beijing has another informal name Yanjing that reflected in the locally brewed Yanjing Beer and Yenching University. Beijing Municipality consisted of its urban areas and immediate suburbs when the People's Republic was founded. Its urban area was divided into small districts. Beijing expanded following the economic reforms of Deng Xiaoping. The size of the newly developed Beijing is one and a half times larger than the old one.

The climate of Beijing is monsoon-influenced humid continental with hot and humid summers due to East Asian monsoon. The climate is cold, windy and dry in the winters that reflect an influence of vast Siberian anticyclone. Its average temperature is at around 1 °C in January while it is 30°C in July. The city has its highest temperature ever recorded to 42 °C and the lowest is -27 °C.

According to the 2007 census records, total number of people residing in Beijing for 6 months or more per year is 17.4 million. Its 12.04 million inhabitants are permanent from Beijing Municipality and the rest are the temporary inhabitants.